Com o rápido desenvolvimento do novo veículo energético (Nev) indústria, o motor, como o núcleo de potência, directly determines vehicle efficiency and driving range. In motors, neodymium-iron-boron (Ndfeb) ímãs permanentes, often called the “king of magnets”, have become an essential material thanks to their exceptional magnetic properties.
- Vantagens dos ímãs ndfeb
NdFeB magnets are rare-earth permanent magnets with high remanence, coercivity, and energy product. This means that under the same volume and weight, NdFeB can generate stronger magnetic fields, significantly improving motor power density and efficiency.
- High energy product: Up to 280–400 kJ/m³, more than 10 times higher than ferrite magnets.
- Lightweight: Reduces motor size and weight while maintaining power output, enhancing vehicle range.
- Energy efficiency: Minimizes energy loss, improving battery utilization.
- Application in NEV Motors
The most common motor type in NEVs is the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), with NdFeB magnets as its core component. Compared to traditional induction motors, PMSMs are smaller, lighter, and more efficient.
- High efficiency: PMSMs maintain over 90% efficiency in urban driving conditions.
- Fast response: Stable magnetic fields enable superior acceleration and climbing performance.
- Extended range: With the same battery capacity, PMSM-powered vehicles typically achieve 5–10% longer driving range than induction motor vehicles.
- Data Comparison: NdFeB-Based PMSM vs Induction Motor
To better illustrate the advantages, let’s compare data between the two types of motors:
| Indicator | Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM, Ndfeb) | Induction Motor (IM) |
| Peak Efficiency | 93%–97% | 88%–92% |
| Power Density (kW/kg) | 3.5–4.5 | 2.5–3.0 |
| Range Improvement | +5%–10% | Baseline |
| Size/Weight | Smaller and lighter | Larger and heavier |
Data source: IEC Performance Report on NEV Drive Motors, 2023
The table shows that NdFeB-powered PMSMs clearly outperform induction motors in terms of efficiency and power density, directly enhancing NEV performance and range.
- Challenges and Future Development
Despite their advantages, NdFeB magnets contain rare-earth elements such as neodymium and dysprosium, raising concerns about supply chain stability and cost. Researchers are addressing these issues by:
- Reducing heavy rare-earth usage: Developing low-dysprosium or dysprosium-free NdFeB materials.
- Recycling: Promoting reuse of end-of-life magnets to improve resource efficiency.
- Advanced coatings: Enhancing corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability to meet NEV demands.
Conclusion
As the “hidden engine” of NEVs, NdFeB magnets play an irreplaceable role in improving motor performance, extending driving range, and advancing sustainable transportation. With progress in material innovation and recycling technologies, NdFeB magnets will continue to be at the heart of the new energy vehicle revolution.
